Application of entropy weight TOPSIS comprehensive method in the evaluation of students' physical health level / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the physical health level of students of different school-age segments in four regions of Anhui province using the entropy weight approximation ideal solution ranking method (TOPSIS), and to provide a scientific method and basis for conducting school health work evaluation. Methods: Using the physical fitness survey data of four regions in Anhui province, the entropy weight method was used to draw the weights of various indicators for different school-age segments of men and women. Then, the TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the school-age segments of men and women in the four regions. Finally, the physical health level of students in four regions was classified according to the results of entropy weight TOPSIS and the rank sum ratio method. Results: A total of 10 127 students were included in this study, with an average age of (11.85±3.82) years, including 5 050 males (49.8%) and 5 072 urban students (50.1%). The results of the entropy weight method showed that the weight of body mass index of boys was similar to that of girls in each school-age segment. According to the TOPSIS and rank sum ratio analysis, the physical health level of students in the four regions of Anhui province was different. The physical health score of Suzhou was 0.617 4 points, which was classified as the best grade. The scores of Hefei and Wuhu were 0.556 3 and 0.411 2, which were classified as middle. Jiju City scored 0.381 9 points, which was classified as poor. Conclusion: TOPSIS combined with rank sum ratio can reflect the level of students' physical health, which can be applied to the evaluation of students' physical health and provide a basis for monitoring students' physical health .

Research progress on material basis for neurotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine and its mechanism / 中国药房

In recent years， neurotoxicity caused by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has frequently occurred and has become one of the important factors restricting the development and application of TCM. TCM contains active components and its dosage-effect relationship is the key to determine its pharmacological activity and toxic effects. Among them， the endogenous toxic components include alkaloids， glycosides， diterpenoids， animal and plant toxic proteins and heavy metals， and so on； exogenous toxic components mainly refer to some harmful elements and pesticide residues during the cultivation， processing， transportation and storage of medicinal materials that are not synthesized by themselves. Effect on the processes such as oxidative stress， inflammation， ion exchange， and energy metabolism may be important mechanisms of TCM-induced neurotoxicity. Neural cells， myelin cells， axons and neurotransmitter systems are common targets of TCM-induced neurotoxicity. In the future， we can use modern research methods and big data mining means to establish a safety evaluation mode of “toxic symptoms-poisoning dose-toxic original agent-detoxification scheme” with the basic component group of toxic substances as the core， so as to provide support for development and clinical intervention of neurotoxic traditional Chinese medicine.

Development and testing of the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a Chinese version of the Long-Term Conditions Questionnaire (LTCQ) and to test its reliability and validity in Chinese patients with chronic diseases.@*METHODS@#With the consent of the original authors, a Chinese version of LTCQ was developed according to the cultural adjustment guidelines. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 319 patients with chronic diseases in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Wuyi County First People's Hospital and Hangzhou Gongchen Bridge Street Health Service Center. The questionnaire was evaluated by item analysis (including frequency analysis, total question correlation method and critical ratio method), reliability analysis (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) and validity analysis [including content validity (expert scoring method) and structural validity (exploratory factor analysis)].@*RESULTS@#The Chinese version of the LTCQ included 20 entries, with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.926, a retest reliability of 0.829, a split-half reliability of 0.878, an entry content validity index of 1, and a content validity index at the questionnaire level of 1. Four common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis, namely physical state and daily life, psychological state, support and coping, and safe environment, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 67.244%. Discussion: The Chinese version of the LTCQ developed in this study has good reliability and validity and it may be used to assess the long-term conditions of patients with chronic diseases in China.

Development of a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale and the assessment of its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVES@#To develop a Chinese version of the Stress Adaption Scale (SAS) and to assess its reliability and validity among Chinese patients with multimorbidity.@*METHODS@#The Brislin model was used to translate, synthesize, back-translate, and cross culturally adapt the SAS. A total of 323 multimorbidity patients selected by convenience sampling method from four hospitals in Zhejiang province. The critical ratio method, total question correlation method, and graded response model (item characteristic curve and item discrimination) were used for item analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and split-half reliability were used for the reliability analysis. Content validity analysis, structural validity analysis, and criterion association validity analysis were performed by expert scoring method, confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient method, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The Chinese version of the SAS contained 2 dimensions of resilience and thriving, with a total of 10 items. In the item analysis, the critical ratio method showed that the critical ratio of all items was greater than 3.0 (P<0.001); the correlation coefficient method showed that the Pearson correlation coefficients for all items exceeded 0.4 (P<0.01). The graded response model showed that items of the revised scale exhibited distinct item characteristic curves and all items had discrimination parameters exceeding 1.0. In the reliability analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the revised Chinese version of the SAS scale was 0.849, and the split-half reliability was 0.873. In the validity analysis, the item-level content validity index and scale-level content validity index both exceeded 0.80. In the confirmatory factor analysis, the revised two-factor model showed satisfactory fit indices (χ2/df=3.115, RMSEA=0.081, RMR=0.046, GFI=0.937, AGFI=0.898, CFI=0.936, TLI=0.915). In the criterion-related validity analysis, the Chinese version of the SAS score was negatively correlated with the Perceived Stress Scale and the Treatment Burden Questionnaire, with correlation coefficients of －0.592 and －0.482, respectively (both P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Chinese version of the SAS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the stress adaption capacity among multimorbidity patients in China, and provides a reference for developing individualized health management measures.

Mechanism of n-butanol alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction in treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis based on negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome via PKCδ/NLRC4/IL-1Ra axis / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of n-butanol alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction(BAEB) in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC) in mice based on the negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome via PKCδ/NLRC4/IL-1Ra axis. In the experiment, female C57BL/6 mice were divided randomly into the following six groups: a blank control group, a VVC model group, high-, medium-, and low-dose BAEB groups(80, 40, and 20 mg·kg~(-1)), and a fluconazole group(20 mg·kg~(-1)). The VVC model was induced in mice except for those in the blank control group by the estrogen dependence method. After modeling, no treatment was carried out in the blank control group. The mice in the high-, medium-, and low-dose BAEB groups were treated with BAEB at 80, 40, and 20 mg·kg~(-1), respectively, and those in the fluconazole group were treated with fluconazole at 20 mg·kg~(-1). The mice in the VVC model group received the same volume of normal saline. The general state and body weight of mice in each group were observed every day, and the morphological changes of Candida albicans in the vaginal lavage of mice were examined by Gram staining. The fungal load in the vaginal lavage of mice was detected by microdilution assay. After the mice were killed, the degree of neutrophil infiltration in the vaginal lavage was detected by Papanicolaou staining. The content of inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-18, and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) in the vaginal lavage was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and vaginal histopathology was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The expression and distribution of NLRP3, PKCδ, pNLRC4, and IL-1Ra in vaginal tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry(IHC), and the expression and distribution of pNLRC4 and IL-1Ra in vaginal tissues were detected by immunofluorescence(IF). The protein expression of NLRP3, PKCδ, pNLRC4, and IL-1Ra was detected by Western blot(WB), and the mRNA expression of NLRP3, PKCδ, pNLRC4, and IL-1Ra was detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that compared with the blank control group, the VVC model group showed redness, edema, and white secretions in the vagina. Compared with the VVC model group, the BAEB groups showed improved general state of VVC mice. As revealed by Gram staining, Papanicolaou staining, microdilution assay, and HE staining, compared with the blank control group, the VVC model group showed a large number of hyphae, neutrophils infiltration, and increased fungal load in the vaginal lavage, destroyed vaginal mucosa, and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells. BAEB could reduce the transformation of C. albicans from yeast to hyphae. High-dose BAEB could significantly reduce neutrophil infiltration and fungal load. Low-and medium-dose BAEB could reduce the da-mage to the vaginal tissue, while high-dose BAEB could restore the damaged vaginal tissues to normal levels. ELISA results showed that the content of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, and LDH in the VVC model group significantly increased compared with that in the blank control group, and the content of IL-1β, IL-18 and LDH in the medium-and high-dose BAEB groups was significantly reduced compared with that in the VVC model group. WB and qRT-PCR results showed that compared with the blank control group, the VVC model group showed reduced protein and mRNA expression of PKCδ, pNLRC4, and IL-1Ra in vaginal tissues of mice and increased protein and mRNA expression of NLRP3. Compared with the VVC model group, the medium-and high-dose BAEB groups showed up-regulated protein and mRNA expression of PKCδ, pNLRC4, and IL-1Ra in vaginal tissues and inhibited protein and mRNA expression of NLRP3 in vaginal tissues. This study indicated that the therapeutic effect of BAEB on VVC mice was presumably related to the negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome by promoting PKCδ/NLRC4/IL-1Ra axis.

Study on emergency management mechanism of drug volume-based procurement / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for the normalization of drug volume-based procurement （hereinafter referred to as “VBP”） and the establishment of local emergency management mechanism. METHODS Based on the equilibrium theory of the whole process of emergency management with Chinese conditions， referring to the “6+1” stage model， the emergency management mechanism of VBP was constructed； 21 provincial-level procurement projects in China from 2019 to 2022 were evaluated accordingly. RESULTS The emergency management mechanism of VBP including 14 measures in 7 stages of preparation， prevention， mitigation， response， recovery， learning and monitoring was successfully constructed. The total score of the 21 provincial-level procurement projects was 3 to 11 points， and the average score of each project in the past 4 years fluctuated slightly within 6 to 7 points. Among the 5 evaluated stages， the scores of the prevention and response stage were relatively high， followed by the mitigation and preparation stage， and the lowest in the recovery stage. Among the 11 rated emergency management measures， more than half had an average score greater than 0.5， but the average score of “determining alternative enterprise selection methods” was only 0.19. CONCLUSIONS Some emergency management measures of drug VBP are lacking， and the emergency management mechanism still needs to be perfected， which is not conducive to the development of emergency management work. The procurement organizer should focus on building a complete emergency management mechanism covering all stages， and clarify the specific measures at each stage， so as to ensure procurement effective and good in operation.

Effects of silicon dioxide exposure on lipid deposition and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in MLE-12 cells / 环境与职业医学

Background Lipid metabolism imbalance is tightly linked to the development and progression of multiple diseases. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway is important for the regulation of lipid metabolism. However, whether silicosis is associated with lipid metabolic abnormalities has yet to be explored. Objective To observe the changes of lipid deposition, cholesterol, and phosphorylated proteins of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in silicon dioxide (SiO2)-induced MLE-12 cells and to explore potential mechanism of lipid composition regulated though the pathway. Methods (1) MLE-12 cells were stimulated with 50 mg·L−1 SiO2 suspension, and divided into fourgroups: a control group and three SiO2 groups (12, 24, and 48 h of stimulation). (2) Cellproliferation was detected to determine an optimal dose of LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K protein. LY294002 at 5 μmol·L−1 was used for further study, in which MLE-12 cells cultured for 48 h were divided into four groups: a control group; a 50 mg·L−1 SiO2 suspension stimulation group; a 50 mg·L−1 SiO2 suspension and 5 μmol·L−1 LY294002 treatment group; a 5 μmol·L−1 LY294002 treatment group. Total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), cholesterol ester (CE; total cholesterol minus free cholesterol), and triglycerides (TG) were measured with enzyme assay kits. Lipid deposition was observed using Oil Red O staining. The expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results (1) The contents of TC, FC, and CE in the 50 mg·L−1 SiO2-induced MLE-12 cells were increased compared to those of the control group in a time-dependent manner by trend analysis, and the increment at 24 and 48 h were significant. By 48 h, the contents of cholesterol indicators were all elevated: TC from (2.242±0.181) mg·g−1 to (5.148±0.544) mg·g−1, FC from (1.923±0.158) mg·g−1 to (4.168±0.433) mg·g−1, and CE from (0.318±0.067) mg·g−1 to (0.978±0.134) mg·g−1, compared with the control group (P<0.01). The changes of TG were not significant (P>0.05). The SiO2 suspension induced orange-red particle deposition in the MLE-12 cells, especially at 48 h (P<0.01). The protein expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in SiO2-stimulated MLE-12 cells were higher than those of the control groups with the prolongation of stimulation time, which peaked at 48 h (P<0.01). (2) The contents of TC, FC, and CE in MLE-12 cells of the SiO2 + LY294002 group were decreased, comparing to those of the SiO2 stimulation only group (P<0.01), companied with less orange-red lipid deposition, and suppressed protein expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR (P<0.01). Conclusion SiO2 could induce increases of cholesterol and lipid deposition through activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in MLE-12 cells.

Molecular Mechanism of Jingfang Mixture Against H1N1 Influenza Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo predict the potential targets and mechanism of Jingfang mixture in the treatment of H1N1 influenza and provide references for clinical application of Jingfang mixture. MethodThe active components and targets of Jingfang mixture against H1N1 influenza were screened out by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP），SwissTargetPrediction， and TargetNet. The targets of H1N1 influenza were obtained from GeneCards，Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）， and DisGeNET and standardized by UniProt KB. The intersection targets were obtained by Venny 2.1.0. The "drug-component-target" network was constructed with Cytoscape 3.2.1 and analyzed for the topological attributes. The intersection targets were uploaded to STRING 11.5 to obtain the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Gene Ontology （GO） enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） analysis were carried out by Metascape. Finally，the top active components ranked by degree were docked to the core targets by Autodock vina and visually analyzed by PyMOL. Balb/c female rats were used for experimental verification. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α），interleukin-10（IL-10）， and interleukin-17（IL-17）. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels in lung tissues. ResultThere were 144 active components in Jingfang mixture. A total of 421 target genes of Jingfang mixture and 2 956 targets of H1N1 influenza were identified，including 199 common targets. Topological analysis showed that the core components of Jingfang mixture against H1N1 influenza included quercetin，luteolin， and kaempferol，and the core targets included prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2（PTGS2），estrogen receptor alpha（ESR1），inducible nitric oxide synthase 2（iNOS2），peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ（PPARγ），and cyclooxygenase-1（PTGS1）. GO enrichment yielded 697 items in biological process （BP） （P<0.01）， 59 items in molecular function （MF）（P<0.01）， and 21 items in cellular component （CC） （P<0.01）. A total of 132 signaling pathways （P<0.01） were obtained by KEGG enrichment analysis， including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt） signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling pathway，most of which were related to the regulation of immune inflammation. Molecular docking showed that the binding energy of the active components of Jingfang mixture to the core targets was less than -5.0 kcal·mol-1，indicating good binding activity. HE staining showed that the lung tissues were significantly improved after drug intervention，and Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that Jingfang mixture could reduce the mRNA and protein expression of PI3K and Akt in lung tissues. ConclusionJingfang mixture can play an anti-viral effect against the influenza A virus through multiple components，multiple targets， and multiple pathways. The active components quercetin，luteolin， and kaempferol may control the inflammation and regulate immunity on the PI3K/Akt，MAPK， and other signaling pathways by acting on targets such as PTGS2，ESR1，iNOS2，PPARγ， and PTGS1.

Preparation and application of proficiency testing sample of myclobutanil and procymidone in apple powder / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo prepare pesticide residues in fruit matrix samples that meet the requirements of homogeneity and stability for the proficiency test. MethodsThe pollution-free apple was selected as the main raw material to prepare the pesticide residue proficiency test samples of myclobutanil and procymidone， and to evaluate the homogeneity and stability. The results of the proficiency test were assessed using robust analysis and Ζ value. ResultsThe homogeneity and stability of the reference materials met the relevant requirements. Among 109 laboratories participated in the proficiency testing， 107 （98.2%） laboratories had satisfactory results. Suspicious test results were reported only in two laboratories， one laboratory for each of the two assessment items. ConclusionAn apple powder matrix sample with pesticide residues is successfully prepared for proficiency test， and could provide an evaluation tool for pesticide residue testing laboratories.

Effects of Naikan cognitive-music reminiscence therapy on coping style for female patients with chronic schizophrenia / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effect of Naikan cognitive-music reminiscence therapy on coping style in female patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods In May, 2020, 72 female patients with chronic schizophrenia from Beijing Huilongguan Hospital were assigned into control group (n = 48) and music group (n = 24) after trait matching. Both groups accepted routine medicine, while the control group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy, and the music group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy combined music reminiscence, for twelve weeks. They were blind assessed with Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale before and after intervention.Results There were five cases in the control group removed for erroneous response. The main effects of group were not significant for all the assessments (F < 0.567, P > 0.05). The main effect of time was significant for negative coping style score (F = 6.968, P = 0.01), and the interaction effects were significant for positive coping style score and Self-rating Depression Scale score (F > 4.227, P < 0.05).Conclusion Combining with music reminiscence, Naikan cognitive therapy may be advantageous for the coping style of female patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Expert consensus on screening, diagnosis and treatment of multiple carboxylase deficiency / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) includes autosomal recessive holocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS) deficiency and biotinidase (BTD) deficiency, which are caused by and gene mutations respectively. Neonatal screening for HLCS deficiency is based on 3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine in dry blood filter paper, and BTD deficiency is based on BTD activity determination. HLCS deficiency and BTD deficiency are characterized by neurocutaneous syndrome and organic aciduria, however, they are different in onset age, neurological symptoms and metabolic decompensation, which needed to be differentiated from acquired biotin deficiency or other genetic metabolic diseases. The diagnosis of the disease requires a combination of biochemical characteristics of hematuria, enzyme activity determination and genetic test. Routine biotin doses are effective for most MCD patients. This consensus is intended to benefit early screening and diagnosis of MCD.

Summary of the best evidence of diet and physical activity management in patients with metabolic syndrome / 浙江大学学报·医学版

To evaluate and summarize the evidence of diet and physical activity management in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) database, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) network, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Guidelines International Network (GIN), Medlive, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) network, American Diabetes Association (ADA) network, New Zealand Guideline Group (NZGG) network, Canadian medical association clinical practice guidelines network, PubMed, EmBase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CNKI, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Knowledge Data Service Platform and Chinese biomedical database were searched systematically to obtain guidelines, evidence summary, expert consensus, best practice information book, clinical decision-making, recommended practice, and systematic review on diet and physical activity management in patients with MS. The retrieval period is from the establishment of database to November 2021. Two researchers with evidence-based medicine background evaluated the quality and evidence level of the included literature. A total of 36 articles met the criteria, including 3 guidelines, 5 expert consensus, 1 clinical decision and 27 systematic reviews. We summarized 49 pieces of evidence related to diet and physical activity in patients with MS, involving 15 aspects, namely diet goals, diet patterns, diet time, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, fiber intake, salt intake, fruits, vegetables and grains intake, coffee intake, effects of diet, principle of physical activity, intensity, form, time of physical activity, effects of physical activity, physical activity prescription of patients with MS and cardiovascular disease, and the joint effects of diet and physical activity. Diet and physical activity management can effectively improve the health outcomes of patients with MS. Health professionals should choose and apply the best evidence with consideration of the clinical situation and patient preference.

Design and development of a Wechat applet for intelligent health management of metabolic syndrome / 浙江大学学报·医学版

: To design and develop a Wechat applet for intelligent health management of metabolic syndrome. Based on the needs and requirements of individuals undergoing health check-up, patients with metabolic syndrome and medical workers, a Wechat applet for metabolic syndrome management was designed and developed, which involving health data collection, health risk prediction, health management knowledge base fusion and intelligent recommendation, data privacy and security. The platform consists of three user ports: individuals undergoing health check and patients with metabolic syndrome, the medical workers and the system administrators. The main functions of the platform included metabolic syndrome risk prediction, intelligent recommendation of health management strategies, health behavior record and supervision, experts' consultation and health knowledge guide. The Wechat applet developed in this study can be used for metabolic syndrome risk prediction for general population, and health management for patients with metabolic syndrome, which helps them to enhance health management awareness and health behavior adherence.

Influence of perceived stress on health-promoting behaviors in patients with metabolic syndrome: the multiple mediating roles of adaptability and social support / 浙江大学学报·医学版

: To explore the potential associations between perceived stress and health-promoting behaviors based on the theoretical schema of the middle-range theory of adaptation to chronic illness. From January to May 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 230 young and middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome who underwent physical examination in the inpatient center of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The Health-Promoting Health Profile-Ⅱ, Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale-Short Form, and Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used in the cross-sectional study. The chain mediation effect procedure and bootstrap sampling test were used to examine the mediating role of adaptability and social support between perceived stress and health-promoting behaviors. The mean score of health-promoting behaviors was 100.0±14.6, the mean score of perceived stress was 22.0± 6.9, the mean score of adaptability was 47.0±6.1, and the mean score of social support was 63.8±10.8. Perceived stress had a negative impact on patients' health-promoting behaviors (=-0.309, <0.05). The adaptability (effect size= -0.112, 95%:-0.199~-0.038) and social support (effect size= -0.032, 95%:-0.083~played a mediating role and a chain mediating role in the process of perceived stress influencing patients' health-promoting behaviors (effect size= -0.045, 95%:-0.093~-0.020). Adaptability and social support play an intermediary role between perceived stress and health-promoting behaviors in young and middle-aged patients with metabolic syndrome. Healthcare professionals can motivate patients to develop healthy behaviors by developing intervention strategies on adaptability and social support.

Butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction alleviates vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice by downregulating NLRP3 inflammasome and related signal pathways / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the effect of butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction(BAEB) on vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC) in mice and to clarify the mechanism from Toll-like receptors(TLRs)/MyD88 and Dectin-1/Syk signal pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome. To be specific, female KM mice were randomized into control group(i.g., normal saline), model group, fluco-nazole group(i.g., 20 mg·kg~(-1)), and low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose BAEB groups(i.g., 20, 40, and 80 mg·kg~(-1), respectively). VVC was induced in mice except the control group. After the modeling, administration began and lasted 7 days. The ge-neral conditions and body weight of mice were recorded every day. On the 1 st, 3 rd, 7 th, and 14 th after vaginal infection by Candida albicans, the fungal load in the vaginal lavage fluid of the mice was measured with the plate method, and the morphology of C. albicans in vaginal lavage fluid was observed based on Gram staining. After the mice were killed, vaginal tissues were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS) staining for vaginal histopathological analysis. The content of cytokines in vaginal lavage fluid, such as interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), IL-6, and S100 a8, was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and content of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in vaginal tissues by tissue ROS detection kit. The protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, Dectin-1, Syk, MyD88, TLR2, TLR4, and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) in vaginal tissues was detected by Western blot, and the levels and distribution of NLRP3, Dectin-1, Syk, MyD88, TLR2, and TLR4 in vaginal tissues were determined with the immunohistochemical method. The results show that BAEB can improve the general conditions of VVC mice, reduce the fungal load and C. albicans hyphae in vaginal secretion, decrease ROS content in vaginal tissues and content of cytokines in vaginal lavage fluid, and down-regulate the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, Dectin-1, Syk, MyD88, TLR2, TLR4, and NF-κB in vaginal tissues. The above results indicate that BAEB exerts therapeutic effect on VVC mice by down-regulating the key proteins in the TLRs/MyD88 and Dectin-1/Syk signal pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome.

Rush use and related factors among HIV positive young male students in Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#This study investigated the use of rush and related factors among HIV positive male students in Beijing, and provided suggestions for education and intervention.@*Methods@#Data on HIV positive male students was collected from 2017 to June 30, 2020 in Beijing and analyzed in SPSS 20.0.@*Results@#A total of 200 valid questionnaires were collected. The mean age at HIV diagnosis was (22.18±2.70) years. The rate of using rush was 46.00%. The proportion with homosexual behavior before infection was 92.00%. The results of multivariate analysis showed that meeting sexual partners through the Internet( OR=3.84, 95%CI =1.65-8.96), drinking alcohol( OR=3.26, 95%CI =1.51-7.02), group homosexual behavior( OR=4.84, 95%CI =1.71-13.71), and STD diagnosis ( OR=0.23, 95%CI =1.02-4.87) were associated with the use of rush before infection.@*Conclusion@#The rate of rush use was higher among male students infected with HIV. Government regulation could be strengthened and drug abuse could be prevented through better health education for students.

Left-sided vagus nerve stimulation improves cardiopulmonary resuscitation outcomes in rats as effectively as right-sided vagus nerve stimulation / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: Our group previously reported that right-sided vagus nerve stimulation (RVNS) significantly improved outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA). However, whether left-sided vagus nerve stimulation (LVNS) could achieve the same effect as RVNS in CPR outcomes remains unknown. METHODS: A rat model of CA was established using modified percutaneous epicardial electrical stimulation to induce ventricular fibrillation (VF). Rats were treated with LVNS or RVNS for 30 minutes before the induction of VF. All animals were observed closely within 72 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and their health and behavior were evaluated every 24 hours. RESULTS: Compared with those in the RVNS group, the hemodynamic measurements in the LVNS group decreased more notably. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) decreased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the arrhythmia score, and attenuated inflammatory infiltration in myocardial tissue after ROSC, regardless of the side of stimulation, compared with findings in the CPR group. Both LVNS and RVNS ameliorated myocardial function and increased the expression of α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the myocardium after ROSC. Moreover, a clear improvement in 72-hour survival was shown with VNS pre-treatment, with no significant difference in efficacy when comparing the laterality of stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: LVNS may have similar effects as RVNS on improving outcomes after CPR.

Mechanism of Sanhuang Decoction in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis in mice with Candida albicans colonization:based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing / 中国中药杂志

This study explored the mechanism of Sanhuang Decoction(SHD) in treating dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC) in mice with Candida albicans(Ca) colonization via high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. Specifically, the animal model was established by oral administration of 3.0% DSS for 7 days followed by intragastrical administration of Ca suspension at 1.0 × 10~8 cells for 4 days and then the mice were treated with SHD enema for 7 days. Afterwards, the general signs were observed and the disease activity index(DAI) was recorded every day. After mice were sacrificed, colon length and colon mucosa damage index(CMDI) were determined and the histomorphology was observed with the HE staining method. The fungal loads of feces were detected with the plate method. Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody(ASCA) and β-1,3-glucan in serum, and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum and colon were detected by ELISA. High-throughput RNA sequencing method was adopted to identify transcriptome of colon tissues from the control, model and SHD(15.0 g·kg~(-1)) groups. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs) among groups were screened and the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs was performed. The expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1β genes related to the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway which involved 9 DEGs, were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The results demonstrated that SHD improved the general signs, decreased DAI and Ca loads of feaces, alleviated colon edema, erosion, and shortening, and lowered the content of β-1,3-glucan in serum and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in serum and colon tissues of mice. Transcriptome sequencing revealed 383 DEGs between SHD and model groups, which were mainly involved in the biological processes of immune system, response to bacterium, and innate immune response. They were mainly enriched in the NOD-like signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine interaction pathway, and retinol metabolism pathway. Moreover, SHD down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β. In a word, SHD ameliorates DSS-induced UC in mice colonized with Ca, which probably relates to its regulation of NOD-like receptor signaling pathway.

Main components in butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis / 中国中药杂志

The present study aims to investigate the effects of the main components(aesculin, berberine hydrochloride, and anemoside B4) in the butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction(BAEB) on the chemotaxis of neutrophils induced by dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO). HL60 cells were cultivated in RPMI-1640 complete medium, and transferred into a 6-well plate(2 × 10~5 per mL) with 4 mL in each well, followed by incubation with DMSO at 1.3% for five days. The morphologic changes of cells were observed under an inverted microscope. The CD11 b expression after DMSO induction was analyzed by flow cytometry. The effects of aesculin, berberine hydrochloride, and anemoside B4 on the cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK8 assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The effects of the main components on the production and polarization of F-actin protein were also examined by flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy. PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway was checked by Western blot. As revealed by the results, neutrophil-like HL60 cells were observed after DMSO induction. The CD11 b expression in these cells increased significantly as indicated by the flow cytometry. Additionally, 100 μg·mL~(-1) aesculin, 8 μg·mL~(-1) berberine hydrochloride, and 80 μg·mL~(-1) anemoside B4 were potent in inhibiting the migration of neutrophils and reducing F-actin expression. Berberine hydrochloride was verified to be capable of diminishing phosphorylated PI3 K/Akt protein expression. The findings indicate that aesculin, anemoside B4, and especially berberine hydrochloride in the BAEB can inhibit the chemotaxis of neutrophils, which is possibly achieved by the inhibition of F-actin and PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway.

The status quo and influencing factors of humanistic care provided by psychiatric nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To describe the current status quo of humanistic care quality of psychiatric nurses in China, analyze its influence factors, and explore the relationship between humanistic care quality, professional values and sense of organizational support of psychiatric nurses.Methods:Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method selected, totally 5 003 nurses from 43 the psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric department in general hispitals were investigated with general information questionnaire, Nursing Caring Characters Assessment Tool, Perceived Organizational Support Scale (POS) and Nurses Professional Values Scale-Revised (NPVS-R) from May to August, 2018.Results:In 5 003 psychiatric nurses, the total score of Nursing Caring Characters Assessment Tool was 4.21 ± 0.63. The humanistic care knowledge dimension and humanistic care ability dimension were better (4.27±0.65, 4.21 ± 0.63), while the humanistic care concept dimension and humanistic care perception dimension were weaker(4.16±0.66, 4.17±0.66). The results of structural equation model showed that personal background, care environment, sense of organizational support and professional values had influence on the humanistic care quality of psychiatric nurses, and the standardized total effect values were 0.047, 0.106, 0.508 and 0.512 respectively.Conclusions:The overall level of humanistic care quality of psychiatric nurses is good, but there is still room for further improvement, especially the concept and perception of humanistic care. in order to meet the growing needs of the public for nursing services and the needs of nursing professional development and discipline development, caring for the environment, personal background, sence of organizational support and professional values are important factors affecting the quality of humanistic care of psychiatric nurses.